Factores situacionales en estudios de grupos focales

una revisión sistemática

  • Arne Orvik, Mg. Pol. Sc. Aalesund University College
  • Astrid Berland, Mg. Pol. Sc. Stord/Haugesund University College
  • Lillebeth Larun, Ph.D. Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services
  • Karin C. Ringsberg, Ph.D. Nordic School of Public Health
Palabras clave: grupos focales, profesionales de la salud, métodos mixtos, factores situacionales, análisis de plantillas, salud ocupacional

Resumen

El objetivo del estudio que presentan estas páginas fue determinar cómo se expresan, utilizan y analizan los factores contextuales en los datos recolectados a partir de las discusiones en grupos focales. El estudio incluyó una evaluación de cómo la presentación metodológica de los factores contextuales puede influir y mejorar la fiabilidad de los artículos. Se hizo una revisión sistemática para identificar los artículos que informaran —entre los profesionales del área de la salud— sobre su nivel de estrés, salud y mecanismos para sobrellevar situaciones difíciles en su lugar de trabajo, los cuales fueron utilizados en el análisis. Como punto de partida se empleó el marco de Vicsek de factores situacionales para el análisis de resultados de grupos focales y así se halló que en tales artículos los factores contextuales eran descritos con mayor frecuencia en la sección del método y con menos frecuencia en las secciones “Resultados” y “Discusión”. El marco de Vicsek
para el análisis de resultados de grupos focales abarca seis dimensiones contextuales y metodológicas: los factores interaccionales, las características personales de los participantes, el moderador, el ambiente, los factores de tiempo y el contenido de las discusiones. Sin embargo, se evidenció que el marco no incluye una consideración sobre la seguridad psicológica, las cuestiones éticas o la información institucional. Para profundizar en el análisis de los resultados de grupos focales, se argumenta que los factores contextuales deben ser analizados como dimensiones metodológicas y ser considerados como un concepto de sensibilización. La credibilidad, la posibilidad de confirmación, la fiabilidad y la capacidad de transferencia se pueden fortalecer al emplear, reportar y discutir los factores contextuales en detalle. El estudio contribuye a esclarecer la forma en que la presentación de informes sobre datos contextuales puede enriquecer el análisis de los resultados de grupos focales y fortalecer su nivel de confiabilidad. Investigaciones futuras deben centrarse en presentar informes claros de los factores contextuales, así como continuar desarrollando el modelo de Vicsek para mejorar la precisión y la transferencia de información.

Originalmente publicado en International Journal of Qualitative Methods (2013), 12, 338-358. Copyright 2013: Orvik, Larun, Berland y Ringsberg. Traducido al español con permiso de los titulares de los derechos de autor.

Biografía del autor/a

Arne Orvik, Mg. Pol. Sc., Aalesund University College

Arne Orvik es Magíster en Ciencias Políticas. Profesor asociado del Department of Health Sciences, de la Aalesund University College (Noruega).

Astrid Berland, Mg. Pol. Sc., Stord/Haugesund University College

Astrid Berland es Magíster en Ciencias. Profesora asociada del Department of Nursing Education de la Stord/Haugesund University College (Haugesund, Noruega). Correo electrónico: [email protected]

Lillebeth Larun, Ph.D., Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services

Lillebeth Larun es Doctora en Filosofía. Se desempeña como investigadora en el Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services (Oslo, Noruega). Correo electrónico: [email protected]

Karin C. Ringsberg, Ph.D., Nordic School of Public Health

Karin C. Ringsberg es psicoterapeuta, pedagoga, magíster en Ciencias Sociales y doctora en Filosofía. Profesora emerita en el Center of Health Promotion de la Nordic School of Public Health (Gothenburg, Suecia). Correo electrónico: [email protected]

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Publicado
2014-07-07
Cómo citar
Orvik, A., Berland, A., Larun, L., & Ringsberg, K. C. (2014). Factores situacionales en estudios de grupos focales. Paradigmas, 6(2), 87-127. Recuperado a partir de https://publicaciones.unitec.edu.co/index.php/paradigmas/article/view/47
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Artículos